IDCIInsights maps key trends to supply actionable insight that inform your global recruitment strategy.
Student Mobility
In 2025, international education will continue to evolve within a complex global ecosystem, amid geopolitical shifts, economic pressures, new governments and election cycles, and rapid technological advancements. Students, institutions, and policymakers must navigate these complexities to ensure that international education remains accessible, adaptable, and impactful. Along with these changes, the global demand for education continues to rise. Now, more than ever, it is critical to understand and adapt to shifting mobility patterns and emerging digital platforms. By doing so, international education professionals will be better prepared to create innovative solutions which promote institutional stability and build their global student audience.
Mobility Patterns
Last year, our trends report centred on the importance of alignment between students, institutions, and labour markets noting that cross-sector collaboration is essential for delivering high-quality education.
Sector developments throughout 2024 have only reinforced the necessity of collaboration. Policy changes in most major English-speaking destinations and fluctuating currencies across the globe have led to reduced student demand for the “Big Four.”
Meanwhile, other destinations are emerging as attractive alternatives. This redistribution of student interest underscores that while demand for international education remains strong, the pathways students are choosing are evolving. Institutions, governments, and engaged organizations in established markets must now navigate these policy changes and competitive pressures, and adapt to these new mobility patterns.
Successful Satisfied
Projects Customers
In response, destination markets have recalibrated policies in ways which have restricted student mobility. Each government has justified these changes as efforts to support the sustainability of international education while enhancing students’ opportunities in a new, more complex landscape. Canada introduced a study permit cap, increased proof of funds requirements, revised Post-Graduation Work Permit (PGWP) eligibility, and ended the student direct stream pathway
While these policies were designed to foster more sustainable learning environments and support student success, they nonetheless contributed to significant drops in student demand across these destinations, as we highlight below.
Canada processed nearly 868,000 student visa applications in 2023, shattering the previous year’s record by 17%.
This includes approved, rejected, and withdrawn applications. But this trend reversed sharply in 2024. From January to September 2024, IRCC processed just 469,000 applications. This was 46% fewer than full-year 2023. Further speaking to Canada’s falling demand, over 23,000 study permit applications were withdrawn in the January to September period of 2024. This represents a 5% increase over the combined five-year total from 2019 to 2023.
Australia’s international education sector experienced a similar trend. Student demand surged in 2023, with nearly 390,000 applications lodged.9
However, this upward momentum reversed in 2024. From January to August 2024, only 176,000 applications were lodged, representing a decline of over 36% compared to the same period in 2023.
The UK’s international education sector has faced comparable challenges. Sponsored study applications plateaued by the end of summer 2023, with 2024 seeing a noticeable downturn. From January to September 2024, there were 351,000 main applicant applications—a 16% drop from the same period in 2023. Dependant applications fell even more dramatically, down 85%. Further highlighting the drop in demand, nearly 3,600 main applicants withdrew their applications between January and June 2024, a staggering 750% increase compared to 2023.
The US processed 699,000 F-1 student visas in the 2023 fiscal year, an 11% increase over the previous year. While more recent application data isn’t yet available, monthly issuance data suggests a potential demand downturn in 2024. From January to August 2024, 322,000 F-1 visas were issued, which is an 11% drop compared to the same period in 2023. Given that refusal rates reached record highs in 2023,12 it’s likely they’ve continued to rise in 2024. However, even with this factor in play, a trend toward lower application volumes is still likely contributing to the overall decline. This is a somewhat surprising trend, given the relative policy stability of the US in 2023 and 2024, and likely speaks to the impact of fluctuating global currencies.
At the same time, Germany has made strides in easing regulations for international students once they arrive. In March 2024, the Skilled Immigration Act allowed international students from outside the European Union to work up to 20 hours per week (an increase from the previous 10 hours per week). This change also applies to students in preparatory university programs. The new provisions also include rules to ease access to the labour market for several high-demand, high-skilled positions including IT specialists, nursing aides and assistants, and more. Changes like these show Germany’s continued commitment to fostering student success both during their studies and after their graduation.
That’s because new governments can swiftly change the course of a country’s international education sector. For example, while the Netherlands hosted over 128,000 international bachelor’s and master’s students in 2023/24, the new government of the Netherlands presented a policy to the House of Representatives in October that will limit the number of undergraduate international students coming to study in the country by one-third. This plan also intends to reduce English offerings, proposing that no more than one-third of the classes in most bachelor degree programmes will be in languages other than Dutch.
Our RP Pulse Survey respondents also identified Finland as a popular alternative destination. In 2024, Finland continued to strengthen its appeal to international students with key policy and structural updates. As a result, Finnish universities saw a surge in applications for English-taught programs, particularly in health care, business, and IT. This growth is partly due to Finland’s 2022 reform that streamlined the road to permanent residency for international students and their families. Finland has thus become more accessible and appealing for students looking for stability and post-study work opportunities.
Meanwhile, Saudi Arabia’s Vision 2030 initiative seeks to transform the country into a global education hub, thereby creating cross-cultural ties and attracting top talent to drive economic and social development. Vision 2030 involves significant investment in Saudi universities, including partnerships with leading global universities, the development of specialized research programs, and the establishment of scholarship opportunities in high-demand fields.
These developments are in addition to those we highlighted last year, such as Spain, Portugal, Chile, and Mexico all building stronger pathways with Latin American (LATAM) students, and South Korea and Taiwan planning to recruit over 300,000 students each by 2027 and 2030, respectively.
However, adapting to a landscape where student choice is more diverse than ever is crucial. As countries outside the Anglophone sphere grow their educational offerings and appeal, the “Big Four” must proactively enhance cross-sector partnerships, broaden support networks, and offer unique value propositions that resonate with today’s students. Germany’s FIT program is an excellent example. This initiative, which began in April 2024 and will continue until 2028, enables German universities to support international students throughout their entire study journey. Students receive support for their integration into German classes, career guidance, and tailored assistance to transition into the job market, bolstering both their academic and career success in Germany.
Leveraging technology solutions will also be essential for institutions seeking to match students with programs that best meet their goals and timelines. Advanced digital tools, such as artificial intelligence (AI)-driven platforms and data analytics, can help institutions understand shifting student preferences, optimize institutional outreach efforts, and provide personalized program recommendations that align with career pathways. By strategically employing these technologies, institutions can enhance their appeal to diverse student audiences, support more targeted recruitment efforts, and build a streamlined journey from admission to graduation.
Embracing these strategies and anticipating evolving mobility patterns will enable institutions and governments in Australia, Canada, the United Kingdom, and the United States to map out changing global dynamics, so they can continue to empower students and remain at the forefront of international education.
AI-powered personalized learning platforms are at the forefront of these advancements, adapting lessons to each student’s progress and learning style in order to provide real-time feedback and guidance. This approach has shown significant potential, with 25% of the K-12 educator survey’s respondents observing improvements in personalized learning and 18% noting increased student engagement. As these tools continue to develop, they offer new ways to move beyond a one-size-fits-all learning model.
Despite these benefits, some difficulties still lie ahead. About half of survey respondents identified a lack of training and support as a pivotal barrier to using AI tools effectively. Lack of training likely contributes to why a separate survey of postsecondary educators and students found that just 15% of instructors used generative AI tools in their classes, compared to 45% of students who used such tools. Addressing this training gap means institutions must invest in both AI technology and robust professional development to ensure educators are equipped to navigate these tools effectively.
The classroom itself can also pose challenges for some students, especially when there is limited access to practical, interactive learning opportunities such as real-world case studies or hands-on activities. However, where AI-enhanced spaces are implemented effectively, it can be game-changing. For example, virtual reality (VR) labs allow students to conduct experiments in a fully immersive environment. This encourages active engagement and builds a stronger understanding of complex scientific concepts and processes, without needing physical lab space or specialized equipment, which can be costly and space-prohibitive.
As VR lab technology continues to evolve, research from Arizona State University (ASU) found that
students—particularly those from historically underrepresented groups in higher education—achieved higher performance outcomes in VR based courses compared to traditional settings. In fact, the mean score of students in these VR lab sections was 8% higher than those in traditional lab sections. This finding demonstrates the potential of AI and VR to bridge gaps in learning accessibility and provide more equitable opportunities for student excellence in Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM) fields.
AI technologies are revolutionizing student enrolment by automating tasks that were once labour-intensive, such as transcript, test score, and identification document verification. Automation accelerates processing times and improves accuracy, allowing institutions to handle higher application volumes while maintaining quality control. By reducing manual workloads, AI enables admissions teams to reallocate resources to other critical areas of student engagement and support.
This increased efficiency benefits both institutions and students. For students, faster processing times means reduced stress associated with waiting for enrolment decisions. In turn, this allows them to focus on preparing for their studies earlier, and enables a smoother transition into their academic programs. For institutions, increased processing efficiency means both cost savings and greater appeal to prospective students. Past data has shown that delaying a student’s letter of acceptance could reduce tuition deposit rates by up to 47%. Likewise, our latest RP Pulse Survey found that student concerns about visa processing times and/or approval rates have spiked in 2024, with 57% of respondents citing this as a priority when considering where to study (up from 44% in Q3 2023)
AI also plays a pivotal role in matching students with programs aligned to their academic background, skills, and career goals. By analyzing a range of data points, AI can provide tailored program recommendations that enhance student retention, as students are more likely to thrive in programs that fit their aspirations. Additionally, AI-driven platforms offer seamless communication throughout the enrolment process, with chatbots available 24/7 to provide critical information on application requirements and deadlines. This reduces the workload on admissions staff while ensuring prospective students, regardless of their time zone, can access timely support.
In India, the Study in India (SII) portal was launched last year as a comprehensive platform to streamline international student admissions. This portal simplifies the application, visa, and course selection process for leading Indian universities by centralizing all of them on SII, enhancing the country’s accessibility for foreign students while providing valuable guidance on course offerings and student resources. Similarly, Saudi Arabia’s “Study in Saudi Arabia” platform allows international students to easily apply to Saudi universities.
Last year, we highlighted Australia’s Study Australia Experience (SAE) platform as an effective model for other destinations to diversify their international student populations. By centralizing information and localizing content to meet regional needs—such as translating resources for Latin American (LATAM) audiences—the SAE platform successfully contributed to increased applications from countries like Colombia and Brazil. The SAE platform’s strategic design shows how addressing specific barriers like language accessibility can be pivotal to attracting international students.
Given the SAE’s significant success, we should expect to see similar digital platforms achieve success. Just as the SAE platform helped Australia broaden its reach into LATAM, these platforms will allow emerging destination markets to appeal to broader international audiences, making education in these countries more accessible and competitive on the global stage.
We anticipate that these centralized systems will continue to innovate and reshape the international education landscape, as students and their recruitment counsellors prioritize destinations that offer streamlined information access. As the implementation of platforms like these become standard across the sector, key policymakers and collaborators in destination markets should aim to invest in and advance these digital tools, positioning themselves competitively in the digital wave of global education.
For students, this digital transformation offers adaptive learning experiences and enhanced readiness for global job markets. AI-powered tools that support personalized learning and build essential interpersonal skills equip students with capabilities aligned to evolving employer expectations.
Looking ahead, integrating AI and digital tools into existing operations will be crucial for institutions and policymakers aiming to lead in the international education sector. Strategic investments in AI-enhanced enrolment systems offer significant advantages: they enable smoother, faster processing of applications, and help institutions meet growing demands without compromising on quality or support. AI-driven platforms can also provide personalized enrolment experiences by matching students with programs that align with their academic and career goals, fostering higher satisfaction and retention. By expanding access to digital resources, supporting educators, and enhancing student services, key players in the sector can set a new standard for responsive, efficient, and accessible global education.
Preparing students for career success after graduation will require strategic partnerships, targeted career development, and policies that create clear pathways from study to employment. While these partnerships and investments may take time to refine, the result is priceless: empowering today’s scholars to navigate tomorrow’s global market.
Indeed, the entrepreneurial spirit of international students fosters economic success, with many of these students establishing high-growth companies post-graduation. In the UK, nearly 60% of university startups in 2020 were founded by former international students. And in the US, 143 billion-dollar startups in 2022 had a founder that first came to the country as an international student, creating an average of 860 jobs each.
As this demographic shift places increasing pressure on the workforce, demand will be especially prevalent in high-tech fields like artificial intelligence. As of 2023, 71% of full-time graduate students in American computer and information sciences programs were international students, and 42% of the top AI firms were founded by former international students.
Health care and social assistance alone is expected to employ 3.1 million Canadian workers by 2031. This would be an increase of 258,000 employees over August 2024 employment levels, representing a growth of 9%. Over this same period, the education sector is forecasted to increase by 5% by adding an additional 74,000 jobs. Meanwhile, the finance, insurance, and real estate sector is projected to grow by 4%, adding over 62,000 new workers to the sector.
65
Health care and social assistance alone is expected to grow by over half a million employees by 2033, an increase of 25% over 2023 levels. The professional, scientific, and technical services sector is projected to add 234,000 positions, marking an 18% increase, while education and training will require 156,000 new employees, reflecting a 13% rise.
The UK’s Future Workforce Needs
The US’s Future Workforce Needs
The health care and social assistance sector is positioned for the largest expansion, fueled by an aging population and increasing need for services. This sector is projected to grow at a compound annual rate of 1% from 2023 to 2033, representing the creation of 2.2 million jobs over the decade. Similarly, the IT sector is set to grow 0.7% annually over this period, reflecting the continued strong demand for tech talent. Also, the professional and business services industry, expected to add 1.6 million jobs over the decade, is expected to grow at the same annual rate as IT.
The EU’s Future Workforce Needs
This projected growth is especially pronounced in sectors that attract international talent. Key areas like health and social care, IT, and finance are projected to expand well above the EU average. Health and social care is forecasted to grow by 12%, again responding to the needs of an aging population. Meanwhile, information and communications technology is expected to increase by 15%, and finance and insurance is projected to see steady growth at 6%. Together, these sectors underscore the EU’s potential as an attractive destination for international students pursuing impactful, future-focused careers.
Institutions can further support student success by leveraging advanced technology solutions that align students with programs suited to their aspirations and career goals. AI-driven platforms and data analytics can provide insights into shifting student preferences, helping institutions offer personalized program recommendations. This targeted approach not only optimizes recruitment but also promotes a seamless journey from admission to graduation, helping to ensure students are well-positioned to succeed in their field.
For international students, cultivating versatile skills and cross-disciplinary expertise will be key to advancing in an ever-changing job market. As new fields emerge and existing sectors transform, students who build diverse technical and soft skill competencies will be well-prepared for success. Institutions can support this growth by expanding career services, fostering entrepreneurship opportunities, and integrating experiential learning opportunities that bridge academia and the workplace.
A coordinated effort among educators, industry leaders, and policymakers can better prepare students to make meaningful contributions to high-growth sectors. Through robust career-readiness programs, mentorship, and support for innovation, destination markets can enable international students to flourish in their post-graduation careers. This strategic alignment will help institutions and students alike chart workforce demands, ultimately building a resilient, globally competitive economy.
The competition to attract students is intensifying, and destinations that prioritize adaptability, collaboration, and digital innovation will be best positioned to offer students a comprehensive, high-quality experience.
From supplying AI-driven learning tools to building targeted workforce partnerships, these destination markets will lead the way in supporting students as they strive toward future success.
At IDCI, we remain committed to delivering data insights, analyses, and forecasts to help our partners and the sector at large steer through this dynamic environment. Over the coming months, we’ll continue to publish in-depth articles and updates on the developments discussed in this report, providing guidance as international education enters a new chapter.
Subscribe to our social
© Copyright 2024 I Dream Canada International Inc.. All rights reserved.
Powered by mprints